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This article provides an overview of the social history of England in the 17th century. The article has been written by Padmaja Ashok, an academic historian at University College London. It was published by Past and Present magazine in July 2016. The essay discusses three stages in this period: - A period of personal liberties with few restraints on individuals' rights; - A period of government intervention with restrictions on personal liberty; and - The restoration to the previous political order with further restriction on individual's rights. The period of personal liberties, which lasted from 1640 to around 1689, saw people being able to do as they pleased without much interference from the state. The period of government intervention lasted between 1689 and 1783, during which time people were more controlled by the state. This essay discusses sixteen reforms that were made by both the government and individuals during this period. The essay also looks at several instances in which these reforms can be seen as being pro-democracy because they were made primarily by the subjects themselves. "[The] social history of England in that period is to be primarily seen as a history of economic development." During this period many important innovations occurred in various aspects of daily life. For example, as a result of the civil war and the introduction of capitalism, coinage became more prevalent. Another example is that as a result of the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire, streets were built to follow a grid pattern, improving both transport and allowing for market trading and building to take place. The article argues that social history should be looked at through an economic perspective. This is because economic growth was both the cause and effect of other social changes during this period. The essay focuses on various developments which can be seen as directly resulting from changes in economy such as changes in merchant laws, property law and interest groups such as guilds. The essay also looks at some instances during this period in which social history can be seen as being pro-democracy because these developments were made by the people themselves. The essay argues that while some changes were made directly by the people, there are other instances in which they indirectly influenced change.https://issuu.com/pastandpresentjournal/docs/pap_v36n3_socialhistoryengand1640-1783_ashok_july2016 \t\t\t --Mallory, "On the Character of Early Modern English Society," 103. https://books.google. com. cfa1e77820
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